How to Grow Seed Geraniums (Pelargoniums) in South Africa

These five products are seed-raised zonal pelargoniums: the bedding and container plants widely sold in South Africa as “geraniums”. Botanically they are Pelargonium × hortorum F1 hybrids, not hardy true Geranium (cranesbill). This guide covers only GARDENING.co.za’s BullsEye Mix, Maverick Mix and Multibloom Pink, Red and White seed products.

Quick Grow Facts

• Botanical scope: Pelargonium × hortorum F1 zonal pelargoniums; not true Geranium.
• Seed handling: sow as received without nicking, sanding, soaking or additional scarification. If seed is coated, keep the coating moist as it softens; retain all treatment and handling warnings.
• Best sowing time: Start in protected warmth from late winter into spring, or in another mild window that lets frost-prone gardens plant out after frost and hot regions establish before peak heat.
• Method: Sow one seed per cell in a clean, fine, free-draining seedling mix.
• Depth and light: Cover by about 1 mm with fine mix or vermiculite. Light is not required for germination, but seedlings need bright light immediately after emergence.
• Temperature: Keep the medium close to 23°C for germination.
• Germination: a first root may appear in 1–3 days under controlled conditions near 23°C; visible seedling emergence and home timing can differ.
• Transplanting: pot on when plugs hold together and seedlings have several true leaves; harden off before planting outside.
• Final spacing: leave space for each series’ mature width and good airflow.
• Growth form: Upright and compact to vigorous; no support or routine pinching is needed.
• Position: Full sun for best flowering, with afternoon protection in very hot districts.
• Outcome: Long-flowering container and bedding colour. Multibloom is the earliest and most compact; BullsEye adds dark foliage; Maverick gives taller, vigorous plants and large flower heads.

Choose The Right Series

BullsEye F1 Mix — Dark Foliage, Bright Flowers

BullsEye Mix produces upright plants about 30–35 cm high and wide. Its defining feature is rich chocolate-coloured foliage, not a dark centre in each flower. Mixed seed produces a range of flower colours.

Sow seed as received. If it is coated, keep the coating evenly moist so it can soften; do not remove it or scarify the seed. Mixed seed produces varied plants without a guaranteed colour balance.

Shop Geranium Bulls Eye Mix Seeds.

Maverick F1 Mix — Vigorous, Large-Flowered Plants

Maverick Mix is the tallest series here, with an upright growth form about 35–40 cm high and 30–35 cm wide. It produces large flower heads across a broad colour range and suits larger pots, prominent containers and sunny beds.

Sow with a light covering in warm conditions. Flowering time varies with light, temperature and establishment; low light, cold, heat stress or repeated potting delays can extend it. Mixed seed does not guarantee every colour or an equal balance.

Shop Geranium Maverick Mix Seeds.

Multibloom F1 — Compact, Early Colour

Multibloom has an upright compact growth form about 25–30 cm high and wide. It flowers earlier than the more vigorous series and fits packs, smaller patio pots, window boxes and neat bedding. Sow seed as received without further abrasion or soaking.

Each product targets its named colour, but seed-raised plants are living F1 plants rather than cloned cuttings. Small natural differences in tone, timing and final size can occur, especially across different garden conditions.

Multibloom F1 Pink

Expect compact plants with abundant single pink flower trusses. Shop Geranium Multibloom Pink Seed.

Multibloom F1 Red

Expect compact plants with abundant single red flower trusses. Shop Geranium Multibloom Red Seed.

Multibloom F1 White

Expect compact plants with abundant single white flower trusses. Cool weather or plant stress can sometimes influence tone, so “white” should not be read as a promise that every bloom stays identical in every condition. Shop Geranium Multibloom White Seed.

How To Sow Pelargonium Seed

1. Prepare clean cells. Fill a tray or small pots with fresh, fine, free-draining seedling mix. Pre-moisten it evenly and let surplus water drain.
2. Sow one seed per cell. Handle seed gently. Sow it exactly as supplied; no cold period, soaking or extra scarification is required.
3. Cover lightly. Apply a light covering of fine mix or vermiculite. The seed should be covered: light is not required for germination.
4. Hold close to 23°C. A thermostatically controlled heat mat is helpful in a cold room. Measure the medium rather than guessing from daytime air temperature.
5. Keep moisture even. Coated seed must stay moist enough for the coating to soften, but the tray must still drain. Do not let the surface dry hard and do not leave cells sitting in water.
6. Move into bright light after emergence. Remove any humidity cover promptly, increase airflow and give strong filtered light or suitable grow light. This limits stretch and damping-off.

Under controlled warm conditions, the first root can appear in 1–3 days near 23°C. Home emergence varies; check temperature and moisture before disturbing slow seed.

Transplanting And Hardening Off

Pot on when a plug is rooted enough to lift intact and the seedling has several true leaves. Hold the seedling by a leaf, not its stem. Set the root ball just below the surrounding potting mix and keep the crown clear; a deeply buried, constantly wet stem is prone to rot.

Harden seedlings gradually. Start with a sheltered bright position, then increase direct sun and outdoor exposure. Plant outside only when frost danger has passed. Allow for each series’ mature width and good airflow. One plant can fill a suitably sized pot; avoid crowding several vigorous plants into a small, wet container.

Light, Water, Soil And Feeding

• Light: Give full sun for compact growth and strong flowering. In very hot inland districts, morning sun with protection from harsh late-afternoon heat reduces scorch and flower stress.
• Soil: Use fertile but freely draining garden soil or a quality container mix. Drainage holes must remain open.
• Water: Water thoroughly, then let the upper layer begin to dry before watering again. Avoid repeated swings between saturated and bone-dry.
• Feeding: Feed container plants lightly and regularly during active growth with a balanced flowering-plant fertiliser at the label rate. Too much nitrogen produces soft leafy growth and fewer flowers.
• Airflow: Leave space around leaves and water early enough for foliage and flowers to dry. This matters most in humid or winter-wet gardens.
• Pruning: Pinching is not routinely required for these seed series. Remove complete spent flower trusses and yellow or diseased leaves with clean tools.
• Support: None is normally needed. Leggy plants usually need more light rather than staking.

Back to growing instructions

South African Regional Advice

Winter-Rainfall Western Cape

Sow under protection from late winter as cold rain begins to ease, then move plants into sun when the medium and weather warm. Use raised beds or containers where winter water can drain freely, shelter young plants from prolonged driving rain, and maintain irrigation through the dry, windy summer. Morning watering and generous airflow reduce rust and grey-mould pressure.

Frost-Prone Interior

In the Highveld, Free State and other cold inland gardens, start seed warm in late winter or early spring. Harden plants only after nights moderate, and plant outdoors after the local frost date. These pelargoniums are tender perennials, not hardy true geraniums: grow them as seasonal bedding or move valued containers into a bright frost-free place before winter.

Humid Coast And KZN Midlands

Choose the mild part of the year rather than forcing seedlings through peak humid heat. Give bright morning sun, afternoon relief where needed and strong airflow. Avoid overcrowding, splashy late watering and rain-filled saucers. Remove spotted or mouldy material promptly; persistent wilt in wet mix points to root trouble, not thirst.

Hot-Dry And Subtropical Interior

Establish plants before peak summer heat—usually from a late-winter or early-spring sowing, or a late-summer sowing in reliably frost-free sites. Use morning sun and afternoon protection, larger containers that buffer root temperature, and steady deep watering. Mulch the surrounding bed lightly but keep mulch away from the crown. Even warm regions can contain frost pockets, so check the exact site.

Flowering And Realistic Outcomes

Strong light supports timely flowering. Multibloom usually develops its display earlier than the more vigorous series. Sow early enough to establish plants before the intended display; home conditions do not support a fixed flowering deadline.

Deadhead whole spent trusses to keep plants tidy and encourage continued display. Frost, extreme heat, low light, saturated roots and severe drying can interrupt flowering. The plants may persist for more than one season in mild frost-free positions, but they are commonly treated as bedding annuals where winter cold or summer humidity is severe.

Troubleshooting Germination And Establishment

• No germination: Check the medium with a thermometer. Cold trays are slow; sustained excessive heat can be erratic. Confirm that coated seed never dried hard before the coating softened.
• Patchy emergence: Look for uneven warmth or watering across the tray. Do not assume a mixed colour packet should emerge or flower in equal colour proportions.
• Seed rots before emergence: The mix is too wet, airless or contaminated. Use clean cells, fresh medium, open drainage and less standing water.
• Seedlings collapse at soil level: Damping-off is likely. Remove affected seedlings, increase airflow, reduce surface wetness and do not reuse contaminated mix.
• Long, pale seedlings: Light was too weak after emergence or warmth stayed high without enough light. Move seedlings into brighter conditions gradually.
• Yellow leaves and stalled roots: Constantly wet mix, cold roots or heavy feeding may be responsible. Check drainage before adding more water or fertiliser.
• Healthy leaves but few flowers: Increase light, avoid high-nitrogen feeding and do not keep the root ball continuously wet.
• Brown flowers or grey mould: Remove spent trusses, improve spacing and airflow, and water the root zone early in the day.
• Rust-coloured spots or pustules: Isolate the plant, remove affected material without shaking spores over neighbours, keep foliage dry and seek locally registered treatment advice if the problem persists.
• Aphids, whitefly, thrips or mites: Inspect leaf undersides and buds. Start with isolation, water rinsing and sanitation; use only a locally registered product suitable for pelargoniums and follow its label.
• Sudden blackening after a cold night: Frost injury is likely. Move containers under cover and wait for the full damage to show before trimming.

Back to growing instructions

Safety

These products are ornamental zonal pelargoniums, not culinary “geraniums”. Do not eat the seed or plants. Pelargonium species can cause vomiting, poor appetite or skin irritation in pets; keep seed and plants away from pets and contact a veterinarian if ingestion is suspected.

Browse more colour for beds and containers in our flower seed collection and spring and summer flower seeds.